从物化到数字化:数字资本主义时代的异化理论

From Reificaion to Digitalization:Alienation Theory in Era of Digital Capitalism

在进入到数字化时代之后,人们在热衷于各种智能设备和数据信息的同时,也感受到了一种新异化的诞生。对于数字时代的异化,需要回到马克思主义对异化的经典分析来理解,一方面是青年马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对异化劳动的批判,由于不平等的生产关系,造成了工人与产品之间的疏离。另一方面,卢卡奇的《历史与阶级意识》将物化等同于抽象物对人与人之间,人与自然之间一切关系的中介,并成为统治性的力量。今天我们面对数字时代造成的新异化现象,究竟是采用马克思的生产关系批判,还是卢卡奇的存在论式的批判,需要我们结合具体背景来思考,我们不可能彻底拒绝一般数据对日常生活的渗入和中介,倒退到一个前数字化时代来摆脱数字化的异化,但是我们可以通过拒绝私有制对一般数据共享,让我们自己产生的数据和我们本身形成一个良性的辩证运动,也唯有实现普遍的数据共享,才能帮助我们走出数字异化的囚笼,实现更美好的未来社会。

When we are addicted into smart apparatuses and digital information,we become aware of birth of a new kind of alienation.In order to understand it,it is necessary for us to trace back to the Marxist classical analysis on alienation.On the one hand,young Marx＇s critique on alienated labor in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,disclosed the inequality in relation of production,estranged worker from their products.On the other hand,in History and Class Consciousness,Lukacs identified reification with fact that abstract object acted as a mediator between persons and nature,and relationship of persons,then function as a dominant factor.Today,as we face to a new phenomenon,in which a new kind of alienation is emerging from the digital era,which way,for us,can use to criticize,the classical one by Marx,or a revised on by Lukacs？To respond the question,we should take the current situation into account,on the one side,we cannot refuse all the general data which traverse every side in our lives,because this way will advance a direction back to pre-digital time,to escape from all digitalization.However,we can utilize the shared data to everybody,to turn down private ownership.Then the data produced by ourselves and our lives will become a benign dialectic movement.Only on the basis of universal data sharing,we can step out of the trap of digitalized alienation,to realize a better future.