商末周初东土和南土的形势及其控制措施——从商末有关“伐夷方”铜器铭文的理解谈起

The Situation and Control Measures of Eastern and Southern Territories in the Late Shang and Early Western Zhou Dynasty:From the Understanding of the“Fa Yifang”of the Bronze Inscription of the Late Shang Dynasty

据相关金文文例,小子簋"唯令伐夷方"的"伐"、小子卣"令望夷方"的"望"及作册般甗"王宜夷方"的"宜",皆有"省视、安抚"义,与征夷方无涉,是帝辛时与夷方往来交好的史料,以往学界对相关史料多存在误读和误解。繁簋、公贸鼎、昔鸡卣及作册睘尊、卣等反映了昭王时期多次"安伯""安夷伯"的史实,周初对东土异姓诸侯采取安抚与镇压并存的措施,即沿袭殷商时期对东夷采取恩威并施的统治策略。盂爵铭云"王令盂宁邓伯",表明周初在南土地区同样也推行恩威并施的策略,与其在东土地区所实施的策略如出一辙。

According to the texts of the relevant bronze inscription,the article points out that the＂Fa＂,＂Wang＂and＂Yi＂of the inscription of Xiaozi Gui,You,and Zuoce Pan Yan,all should be interpreted as the meaning of＂inspection and comfort＂,which have nothing to do with the expedition of Yifang.On the contrary,these materials reflect the friendly exchanges between the Shang empire and the Yifang in the period of emperor Xin.There are many misunderstandings about these texts in the past.The inscriptions of Fan Gui,Gongmao Tripod,Xiji You,Zuoce Huang Zun,You,and etc.,reflect the facts of the many times of placate Qibo and Yibo during the King Zhao of the Western Zhou Dynasty.In the early Western Zhou Dynasty,the empire adopted measures to conciliate and suppress the different surname states in the eastern territories.That is to say,the Western Zhou Dynasty followed the ruling strategy of grace and mercy to the Dongyi that implemented in the Shang Dynasty.＂The king ordered Yu to appease Deng Bo＂of the inscription of Yu Jue,which shows that in the early Western Zhou Dynasty,the strategy of kindness and mercy was also implemented in South area,which exactly the same as that strategies implemented in the East territories,it is also in line with the ruling strategy adopted by the Shang Dynasty in the eastern territories.