何处是江南:明清《江南春》唱和与江南文人的身份认同

Where is Jiangnan:the Identity of Literati in Jiangnan and Responses to“Jiangnan Spring”in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

元末明初倪瓒作《江南春》三首,明清以来百余人参与追和,成为江南文坛一大盛事。嘉靖间的集体唱和中,"江南"主要指向苏州,体现了作者的地域认同,也是苏州崛起成为江南代表城市的展现。"江南"又寓意故乡,身处故乡的江南文人唱和中不断想象"他乡",实则是对"仕"或"隐"的身份抉择与认同。明末清初的追和中,繁华鼎盛的江南变成"残山剩水","江南"更多指向寓意故国的南京,体现了作者对"明遗民"的身份认同。清中后期的和作则多是羁旅中描绘异乡的风景而怀念"江南",在故乡认同下《江南春》唱和形成了有意味的回归。

Nizan,a famous poet living in late Yuan and early Ming dynasty,wrote three poems named＂Jiangnan Spring＂,which caused more than a hundred literati to follow.It became a big event in the circle of literati in Jiangnan.In the collective responses during Jiajing period,＂Jiangnan＂mainly means Suzhou.It shows the social identities of the writers and it also means that Suzhou is the representative city of Jiangnan.＂Jiangnan＂also means homeland,and literati in Jiangnan,who were in the homeland,imagined ＂alien land＂constantly in their responses.It was actually the option and sense of identity about officialdom or reclusion.In the responses during late Ming and early Qing dynasty,Jiangnan became＂reduced territories＂from prosperous area.To a greater extent,＂Jiangnan＂pointed Nanjing,which symbolized the former country.It shows that writers have sense of identity to＂adherents of Ming dynasty＂.The responses during middle and late Qing dynasty mostly described alien land＇s scenery and conveyed memory of＂Jiangnan＂.In the sense of homeland,the responses to＂Jiangnan Spring＂became significant return.