基于劳动者教育背景的过度教育成因实证研究

An Empirical Research on the Reasons of Overeducation Based on Educational Background of Workers

过度教育是指劳动者的正式教育年限高于工作岗位所需要的教育年限的现象。实证研究表明,劳动者的最终学历毕业院校和第一学历毕业院校的等级会对其产生影响:学校的等级越高,过度教育的发生率越低。从代际差异的视角看,随着世代的年轻化,理工类专业劳动者发生过度教育的风险在相对下降,而文史类专业劳动者的过度教育风险在相对上升。因此,为了避免成为过度教育者,劳动者应理性地进行教育选择。各级各类高等教育机构在提高教育质量的同时也要进行差异化发展,并可根据就业市场需求的变化拟定招生计划。

Overeducation is a phenomenon when a worker＇s formal education years are more than required years of his job. Empirical analysis demonstrates that ranks of schools from which workers graduate will affect the incidences of overeducation：the higher of ranks,the lower of rates. From the perspective of generational differences,the incidence of overeducation for graduates majoring STEM becomes relative lower,compared with the one for counterparts majoring humanities as the cohorts become younger. As a result, to avoid being overeducated, workers should choose between educations and jobs more rationally. Higher educational institutions should improve their qualities and make differentiate development. Meanwhile,when making enrollment plan,relative governments and institutions may make modification according to changes in labor market.