城乡义务教育一体化发展中政府职能的三重梗阻与疏通

The Three Kinds of Obstacles and Dredging of Government Functions in the Integrated Development of Compulsory education between Urban and Rural

义务教育的公共产品性质和我国集权化教育财政体制所具备的优势决定了政府是实现城乡义务教育一体化发展中责任最大、效率最高的主体。但是政府在推动城乡义务教育一体化发展的过程中,却出现了缺位、越位与错位的三重职能梗阻。这表现在:第一,义务教育经费支出总量偏少,并且结构失衡;第二,义务教育一体化模式一刀切,农村学校的特色不能凸显;第三,义务教育发展财政事权与支出责任不匹配,经费的使用效率偏低。城乡义务教育一体化发展中政府职能疏通的路径有三条:第一,建立教育财政支出的长效增长机制,调整并优化财政支出的结构;第二,增强农村学校内部造血功能,尊重学校差异、彰显学校特色;第三,科学划定各级政府之间的财政事权与支出责任,提高经费的使用效率。

The public product nature of education and the tradition of the system of centralized education management in China have determined that the government is the most effective responsible subject for promoting the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education.However,in the process,the governments have three problems ：first,the total amount of expenditure on education is small,and the structure is unbalanced;second,there is only one single mode for the compulsory education integrated development,and the characteristics of the rural schools can＇t be highlighted;third,the finance and power is not matched,and the expenditure efficiency is low. There are three ways to solve these problems：to establish the long-term growth mechanism of education financial input and tilt towards rural areas;enhance the blood hematopoietic function of rural schools,and realize the substantial integration;to delimit the division of functions between governments at all levels scientifically,and improve the efficiency of the use of funds.