九·一八事变后沈从文的文学思想——新近发现佚文《文学无用论》释读

Shen Congwen's Literary Thoughts After the September 18th Incident——The Discovery and Interpretation of the Lost Essay Newly Discovered The Theory of Literary Uselessness

九·一八事变后,沈从文感于时局之变,撰写了《文学无用论》。这篇"发愤"之作记录了国难当头、民族危亡之际其内心的悲慨与焦虑。他没有拘囿于文学本身,而是试图超越文学,从文化层面对民族性进行反思和批判,寻找民族的出路。这与以往人们所描述的远离、逃避现实的"沈从文"形象有很大差别。沈从文大声疾呼,是想借助文学的力量廓清积习,砥砺精神,帮助整个民族的发达。可惜,此时他尚未找到切实可行的出路。然而,《文学无用论》深刻地表明沈从文这个勇于突破传统羁绊的"乡下人"想要以自己的书写方式和文学理想来力挽狂澜。他此后固守"希腊小庙",不过是这种文学探索自然而然的结果。

After the September 18 th incident, Shen Congwen felt the change of the times and wrote The Theory of Literary Uselessness. This work recorded his grief and anxiety in the time of national crisis and peril. He tried to transcend literature,reflected and criticized the nationality from the cultural level,and found the way out for the nation. This was quite different from the image of＂Shen Congwen＂,which has been described as escapee and escapist. Shen Congwen tried to use the power of literature to clear the unhealthy habits and spirit of the nation for helping the whole nation develop. Unfortunately,at this time he has not found a viable way out. However, The Theory of Literary Uselessness profoundly indicated that Shen Congwen, from the countryside, who had the courage to break through the traditional fetters,wanted to turn the tide with his own writing style and literary ideal. Although he was stuck to the＂Little Greek Temple＂at last,it was a natural result of this literary quest.