稻田水旱复种轮作对作物产量及土壤养分的影响

Crop yield and soil nutrients under paddy-upland multiple cropping rotation systems

为了筛选具有可持续性、适合南方稻田的水旱复种轮作种植模式,以"冬闲-早稻-晚稻"模式连作为对照处理A,设计了4种稻田水旱复种轮作模式(马铃薯-玉米‖大豆-晚稻→蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻→绿肥-早稻-晚稻(B),蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻→紫云英-早稻-晚稻→油菜-花生-晚稻(C),绿肥-早稻-晚稻→油菜-花生-晚稻→马铃薯-玉米‖大豆-晚稻(D),油菜-花生-晚稻→马铃薯-玉米‖大豆-晚稻→蔬菜-花生‖玉米-晚稻(E))。通过2014—2016年连续3年的田间定位试验,分析了不同种植模式下的作物产量,主要是晚稻产量,以及土壤养分变化情况。结果表明:水旱复种轮作模式更具有产量优势,晚稻产量均高于冬闲连作模式;与冬闲连作对照相比,其他模式的土壤有机质含量、速效养分含量均有所提高,同时更加有利于固定有机碳;稻田水旱复种轮作模式是一种增产、改善土壤肥力的种植模式;处理C和处理E表现较好。

In order to screen a continuous cropping pattern of water and drought replanting rota-tion, which is sustainable and suitable for rice fields in southern China, we carried out an experiment with five treatments from 2014- 2016. The ＂winter fallow-early rice-late rice＂ model was control （ A）, and there were four types of paddy field irrigation and drought multiple cropping ro- tation modes, including potato-maize ‖ soybean-late rice-vegetables-peanut ‖ corn-late rice- milk vetch-early rice-late rice （B）, vegetables-peanut li corn-late rice-milk vetch-early rice- late rice-rape-peanut-late rice （C）, milk vetch-early rice-late rice-oil rape-peanut-late rice- potato-maize ‖ soybean-late rice （D）, oil rape-peanut-late rice-potato-maize ‖ soybean-late rice-vegetables-peanut ‖ corn-late rice （E）. We analyzed crop yield with mainly for late rice yield and the changes of soil nutrients under different planting patterns. The results showed that paddy-upland multiple cropping rotation systems had advantages in yield, with the yield of late rice being higher than that of winter fallow cropping pattern. Compared with control, the paddyupland multiple cropping rotation systems increased soil＇ organic matter and available nutrient content, being more conducive to organic carbon fixation. Paddy-upland multiple cropping rotation patterns are planting patterns of increasing yield and improving soil fertility, with better performance for treatments C and E.