以核桃壳为主要基质的铁皮石斛栽培研究

Cultivation of Dendrobium officinale Using Walnut Shell as the Main Growth Media

以核桃壳为铁皮石斛栽培的主要基质,按不同比例混合松树皮和锯木屑,同时结合大棚最佳露苗时间的筛选,进行铁皮石斛栽培试验,以提高试管苗的移栽成活率,并解决目前铁皮石斛栽培中基质成本过高、传统基质资源枯竭等问题。设计L9(34)正交试验,将核桃壳作为基本基质,以不同比例松树皮、锯木屑及铁皮石斛生根瓶苗大棚露苗时间为因素,探究铁皮石斛栽培中较适宜的大棚露苗时间及核桃壳作为主要基质的可行性。研究结果表明,露苗时间对铁皮石斛炼苗成活率有显著影响;在单基质中,对瓶苗成活率而言,锯木屑最高,核桃壳和松树皮次之;对于生长势而言,松树皮略高于核桃壳,两者均显著高于锯木屑。正交试验结果显示,最佳露苗时间为14天,适宜的混合基质配比为核桃壳60%、松树皮30%、锯木屑10%。综上所述,混合基质以核桃壳为基本基质栽种铁皮石斛是可行的,结果为云南大理漾濞地区丰富的核桃壳资源利用提供了新途径,同时,也为大理漾濞地区铁皮石斛的规模化栽培提供试验依据。

In the study, the walnut shell was used as the basic growth media and mixed with pine bark andsawdust at different ratios, aiming to solve problems such as high cost of growth media and deficient traditionalgrowth media of Dendrobium officinale. Meanwhile, the study screened the best transplanting time after movingthe root seedlings from the laboratory to the greenhouse to improve the transplanting survival rate. The L9（34）orthogonal experiment was designed with walnut shell as the basic growth media, and different ratios of pinebark and sawdust and the acclimatization time as the main factors. The results showed that the acclimatizationtime of the seedlings had a significant impact on the transplanting survival rate, for different growth media, thetransplanting survival rate in sawdust was higher than that in the walnut shell and pine bark; but the seedlingsgrew better in pine bark than that in walnut shell meia and both of them grew significantly better than that insawdust. The result of the orthogonal experiment showed that moving the root seedlings from the laboratory tothe greenhouse about 14 days were the best acclimatization time, and the mixture of walnut shell, pine bark and sawdust at the ratio of 60%, 30% and 10% was the most appropriate. The study indicates that it is feasibleto cultivate D. officinale with mixed substrate based on walnut shell, and provides a new utilization approach ofabundant walnut shell resources in Dali as well as a scientific basis for growing D. officinale in large scale.