2012-2016年度哈尔滨市流感监测结果分析

Analysis of influenza surveillance of Harbin city from 2012 to 2016

目的了解2012-2016年度哈尔滨市流感病毒的病原学特征及流行特点,为制定有效防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用Real-time PCR方法,对2012-2016年度采集的ILI病例咽拭子标本及暴发疫情标本进行流感病毒核酸检测,并对其型别进行鉴定。结果 2012-2016年度共检测哨点医院ILI标本8 594份,流感病毒核酸阳性645份,阳性率为7.20%;阳性标本中甲型H1N1、季H3、乙型的构成比为46.82%、35.66%、17.52%;流行高峰主要集中在每年的12月至次年的4月; 5~岁组流感病毒阳性率最高,占9.57%;各年龄组病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.92,P<0.01)。5年共报告14起流感暴发疫情,对采集的159份标本进行检测,83份阳性,阳性率52.20%;其中春季疫情占71.43%。结论监测显示:流感病毒型别呈现阶段性优势及病毒型别交替出现的特点;流行高峰主要集中在冬春季节,近年有向春季偏移的趋势;儿童是流感病毒感染的重点人群,学校是发生暴发疫情的主要场所。

Objective In order to understand the pathogenic characteristics and epidemic characteristics of influenza virus in Harbin in 2012-2016,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies.Methods Real-time PCR method was used to detect the nucleic acid of influenza virus in throat swab samples and outbreak samples collected from 2012-2016 cases in ILI and identify the type of influenza virus.Results 8 594 samples were detected in sentinel hospitals in 2012-2016,positive influenza virus nucleic acid was 645,positive rate was 7.20%; the ratio of positive samples in H1 N1,season H3,hepatitis was of 46.82%,35.66%,17.52%; the epidemic peak was mainly in the annual December to April in next year; 5-age group the positive rate of influenza the virus was highest,accounted for9.57%,the difference was statistically significant in each age group the positive rate of virus（ χ2= 13.92,P 0.01）. A total of 14 outbreaks of influenza were reported in 5 years. 159 samples were collected,83 were positive,the positive rate was52.20%,and the epidemic rate was 71.43% in spring. Conclusion Monitoring shows that influenza virus types present advantageous and virus types appeared alternately; the epidemic peak mainly concentrate in the winter season,in spring to offset the trend; children are the key population of influenza virus infection,the school is the main place of outbreak places.