农业劳动力老龄化对小麦生产机械化与技术效率的影响——基于地形特征的分析

Impact of aging agricultural labor on mechanization and technical efficiency in wheat production: A perspective analysis based on landforms

为厘清农业劳动力老龄化与小麦生产的关系,基于全国农村固定观察点2010年调研数据,从生产方式(机械化)和生产技术效率2个方面考察了不同地形下农业劳动力老龄化对小麦生产的影响。结果表明:农业劳动力老龄化促进了小麦机械要素的投入,且对丘陵山地地区的促进作用更大;此外,农业劳动力老龄化对平原地区小麦生产的技术效率有显著的负向影响,而对丘陵与山地地区小麦生产的技术效率则产生了显著的正向影响。因此,为应对农业劳动力老龄化,提高小麦生产技术效率,应结合不同地区地形地貌的特点,进一步提高机械对劳动的替代程度以及机械作业效率,加大农业机械的创新和研发力度,同时创建农机跨区作业市场。

In order to clarify the relationship between the aging agricultural labor force and wheat production,this study investigates the impact of aging agricultural labor on mechanization and technical efficiency under different landform.The 2010 China Rural Fixed Point Survey data is adopted in the analysis.The results show that aging agricultural labor stimulates the use of wheat machinery,and the impact varies across different landforms.In particular,agreater impact is detected for machinery use in wheat production in hilly and mountainous areas.Moreover,aging agricultural labor has a negative impact on technical efficiency of wheat production in plain area.To the contrary,apositive impact is found in hilly and mountainous areas.Therefore,in order to cope with the aging of agricultural labor force,and further improve the technical efficiency of wheat production,agricultural policy should focus on increasing the substitution elasticity of machinery and labor according to local conditions,stimulating innovation and RD,and promoting cross-region operation market for agricultural machinery.