黑果枸杞生长期施肥效果研究

Fertilization Effect on Lycium ruthenicum in Growing Period

以2年生黑果枸杞苗为试验材料,设计氮、磷、钾3因素4水平施肥试验("3414"试验),探索不同施肥方案对黑果枸杞生长的影响及氮磷钾合理施肥配比,为黑果枸杞生产过程中的配方施肥提供参考依据。试验根据黑果枸杞栽培群体各性状的变异系数,确定施肥效果中各性状所占比重;根据确定的比重,计算施肥后某一施肥方案对植株整体生长的影响效果;进而确定施肥的最佳方案。试验筛选出大田黑果枸杞开花前营养施肥的最佳配比为尿素18 g/株、过磷酸钙56 g/株、硫酸钾33 g/株,3种肥料中尿素对黑果枸杞植株营养生长效果明显,过磷酸钙、硫酸钾施肥后短期效果不明显。本研究为施肥效果评价提供了一种思路,并初步筛选出一种黑果枸杞生长期施肥的肥料配比和用量。

Taking 2 years old Lycium ruthenicum seedlings as experimental materials, the authors designed a‘3414＇test, in which N, K, P fertilizers were used as 3 factors and 4 different concentrations of them as 4 levels, to study the effects of different fertilization schemes and rational fertilization ratios, aiming at providinga reference for formula fertilization in L. ruthenicum cultivation. According to the variation coefficient of theobserved characters of the L. ruthenicum cultivation group, we determined the weight of the growth charactersin the fertilization effect, then, figured out each of the fertilization scheme＇s influence on the entire growth ofplants. At last, the best fertilization scheme was determined. The optimum fertilization ratio for pre-bloomperiod was： 18 g urea per plant, 56 g superphosphate per plant, 33 g potassium sulphate per plant. In addition,the urea had an obvious effect on plants＇ vegetative growth, while the other two kinds of fertilizers had noobvious effect in short term. The study provides a method to evaluate the fertilization effect on L. ruthenicum and screen out a rational fertilization ratio and dosage.