基于免疫算法的高精度室内可见光三维定位系统

High Precision Indoor Visible Three-Dimensional Positioning System Based on Immune Algorithm

针对现有室内可见光三维定位系统存在的计算复杂、精度低等缺点,提出了一种基于免疫算法的室内可见光高精度三维定位系统。免疫算法是受生物免疫系统的启示而设计出来的一种具有全局寻优能力的智能算法,可以用于解决全局优化问题,而基于可见光通信(VLC)的室内定位,可以将其转化为全局优化问题。因此,在三维室内定位中,可以通过免疫算法获得最佳的接收机坐标。由于系统噪声和系统中使用的设备不完善,接收器和发射器之间的距离偏离实际值,产生定位误差。通过将误差修正因子引入免疫算法,可以精确地确定接收机在三维空间中的坐标。仿真结果表明,在3m×3m×4m的室内环境中,80次迭代的定位误差为0.69cm。多点定位测试的平均定位误差为2.13cm。运动场景定位的扩展实验也表明,所提方法96.04%的定位误差在1.7cm以下,优于现有的三维可见光室内定位方法。因此,基于免疫算法的室内可见三维定位系统可以实现高精度的定位服务,在各种室内定位场景中具有潜在的应用价值。

In view of the disadvantages of the indoor visible light three-dimensional positioning system,such as complex calculation and low precision,we propose an indoor visible high precision three-dimensional positioning system based on immune algorithm.The immune algorithm,which is designed according to the biological immune system,is an intelligent algorithm with global optimization ability.The immune algorithm can be used to solve the global optimization problem.In the visible light communication（VLC）-based indoor positioning,it can be transformed into a global optimization problem.Therefore,in the three-dimensional indoor positioning,the best receiver coordinates can be obtained through the immune algorithm.However,owing to the system noise and the imperfection of device used in the system,distance between receiver and transmitters deviates from the real value,and results in positioning error.By introducing the error correction factors into the immune algorithm,we can precisely determine the coordinates of the receiver in three-dimensional space.The simulation result shows that the average distance error is 0.69 cm within 80 iterations in an indoor environment of 3 m×3 m×4 m.The averagepositioning error of the multi-point positioning test is 2.13 cm.The extended experiment in motion scene positioning also shows that 96.04% positioning errors of the proposed method are below 1.7 cm,which is superior to that of other existing methods for three-dimensional visible light indoor positioning.Therefore,the indoor visible three-dimensional positioning system based on the immune algorithm can achieve high-precision positioning services,and have potential application in various indoor positioning scenes.