辽宁地区0～12岁变应性疾病患儿血清变应原谱分析

The analysis of serum allergen spectrum in 0-12 years old children with allergic diseases in Liaoning Province

目的:明确以沈阳为中心的辽宁地区0～12岁儿童患者常见变应原及变应原分布情况,为临床诊疗及流行病学防治提供统计学依据。方法:对46 620例疑似变应性疾病的儿童患者按年龄、性别、检测时间分组,行过敏原检测,并比较不同组间变应原的分布情况。结果:变应原阳性仍以单一变应原为主,其次为双重阳性。98.08%的患儿对5种及5种以内变应原阳性。不同年龄组患儿对应的变应原谱略不同。随着年龄增长,变应原阳性率、阳性程度及变应原阳性个数大致呈上升趋势。各个变应原的阳性率及阳性程度在各年龄组、各季节、不同性别的差异均有统计学意义,但在各季节的变化趋势及波动程度略不同。本地区发病时间相对集中在7～9月,夏秋季变应原阳性率高于冬春季。结论:户尘螨、动物皮屑、鸡蛋白、牛奶是辽宁地区变应性疾病儿童患者的主要变应原,发病时间相对集中在夏秋季节。不同性别及年龄阶段的患儿致病变应原有所不同,但98.08%的患儿变应原在5种及5种以内。明确本地区主要变应原及特点、变化趋势有利于针对变应性疾病采取有效的治疗和预防措施。

Objective：To explore the distribution and characteristics of allergens in children aged 0-12 years old in liaoning province.Method：46 620 children with suspected allergic diseases were grouped according to age,sex and detection time.Then allergen detections were conducted.The distribution of allergen in different groups was analyzed.Result：Most children were sensitized to single allergen,followed by a double positive.98.08%children showed sensitivities to up to five kinds of allergen.The allergen spectrum of patients in different age groups was slightly different.With the increase of age,the rate,degree and number of allergen positive are generally on the rise.The positive rate and degree of each allergen were statistically significant in different age groups,seasons and genders,but not the trend and degree of variation.The onset time in this region is relatively concentrated in July to September,and the incidence of allergen in summer and autumn is higher than that in winter and spring.Conclusion：In Liaoning Province,household dust mites,animal dander,egg white,milk are the main allergens in patients with allergic disease,and the onset time is relatively concentrated in summer and autumn.Clear the main allergens,the region characteristic and changing trend is conducive to the treatment of allergic disease take effective and preventive measures.