现代学校教育与时间意识的革命——以道教学院为例

The Revolution of Temporality:The Modernity of Daoist Priestly Education in Contemporary China

本文的目的在于阐明,居于主流地位的学校教育如何通过制度设计巩固和促进已经植入当代中国人意识中的现代性,从而排除了传统中国的认知方式与知识体系在新的教育系统里的复苏机会.经由整理波迪厄（Pierre Bourdieu）、杰欧（Alfred Gell）、布洛克（Maurice Bloch）和英果（Tim Ingold）等人关于时间意识的辩论,作者讨论了对时间意识的定义与定位,进而运用英果所提出的“泛灵论的”与“后启蒙的”这两种相互对立的时间意识典型来分析一所旨在培养道士的现代学校——道教学院,凭借为期一年余的田野调查,作者论证了道教学院所采取的现代学校教育模式如何强化当代主流的“后启蒙时间意识”,抵消道教知识传统核心的“泛灵论时间意识”功能,结果令道教学院在不觉间违背了其复兴道教传统的设立宗旨.

This paper aims to point out how modern schooling system functions to,unintentionally while forcefully,exclude the chance for the traditional forms of cognition and intellectual system of China to revive in the current formal educational system,thus consolidate and strengthen the modernity that has already been instilled into contemporary Chinese mentality.Through reviewing the debate about temporality among Pierre Bourdieu,Alfred Gell,Maurice Bloch,and Tim Ingold,the author forms his own definition and characterization about the concept and then apply the dichotomy of " animistic versus post-Enlightenment temporality" proposed by Tim Ingold to analyze the case of a Daoist college-a modern school for training neophyte Daoist priests.Based upon sixteen months of fieldwork around the college,the author unraveled how the modern schooling system itself automatically serves to enforce the established hegemony of "post-Enlightenment temporality" while eliminating the "animistic temporality" that constitutes the core of Daoist intellectual tradition,thus makes the Daoist college inadvertently runs counter to the purpose it is supposed to achieve,i.e.,to revitalize Daoist tradition.