村庄治理中资源获取的路径选择——以关中地区南村为中心

The Choice of Resource Access in Village Governance:Viewed from the Case of Nan Village in the Central Shanxi Province

在乡村社会,国家与社会关系实质上是国家与农民关系,研究二者关系的视角是从连接国家和农民之间的行动主体,即地方官员与乡村干部之间的关系入手.在税费改革和新农村建设启动、国家加大“反哺”农村力度的背景下,村庄建设由最初的国家与农民“分担模式”转变为国家“独资模式”,村干部依靠与地方官员之间的私人关系获取国家资源,这种路径选择逐渐强化了农民、村干部和地方政府等不同利益主体对国家的依赖程度,同时也可能销蚀、离间了国家与农民之间的关系。

Generally speaking,the relationship between the State and "civil society "means nothing else but State-peasants relationship. In China,this relationship is featured mainly by the interactions between local agents of the State and village leadership. In recent years,the State starts to "compensate"the huge sacrifice rural society has made for the benefits of the entire country during the past five decades by means of agricultural tax exemption and by increasing the budget for the "xinnongcun jianshe( construction of new rural society) "plan.Therefore,peasants are completely waived from the financial costs for rural development as the State pays all the bills. Consequently,leaders from different villages begin competing with each other in chasing the State’ s huge budget by building up and mobilizing personal networks with local government officials. As a result,local government officials,village leaders,as well as common villagers are all driven to ascribe their interests heavily on the State,which may,quite paradoxically,alienate the disappointed rural population from the State.