民间艺术的文化传统与教育功能——基于湖北云梦皮影戏的历史考察

The Cultural Tradition and Educational Function of the Shadow Play——Based on the Historical Study in Yunmeng Area Hubei Province

中国传统皮影戏承载了上千年的历史变迁,湖北省云梦县即是皮影戏文化最具代表性的地区之一。本文在实地走访基础上,对20世纪初期以来逐渐形成独特表演艺术的云梦皮影戏加以考察,对其传承脉络及文化积淀等进行描述,揭示云梦皮影戏所表现出的精英与大众、传统与现代的不同文化间的碰撞与交融,从而论证西方学者关于＂大传统＂与＂小传统＂的观点,以及在中国传统文化尤其是科举制废除后的乡镇文化生活中,皮影戏的文艺娱乐、文化传播与大众教育功能。

The Chinese shadow play has thousands years’ development,one of the representative areas is Yunmeng County Hubei province.Through the historical study,this paper instigated and researched the shaping of such unique performance of shadow play in Yunmeng area since early 20 century,described the inheritance paths and cultural depositions,revealed the collisions and integrations of different cultures between elite and public,tradition and modern,and demonstrated the argument about "Great tradition" and "little tradition" in western scholars,and the function of literary and artistic entertainment,cultural knowledge spread and public education of shadow play contained in the township cultural life in our Chinese traditional society,particularly after the Imperial Examination System abolished.