两汉乐府诗对诗教的遵循与背叛

The Following and Betrayal of Poetry in the Han Dynasty Yuefu Poems

中国的礼教思想源远流长,影响到中国社会的方方面面。在文学上体现为"诗教"的观念,"诗教"首先由孔子提出,孔子把文学作为维护周礼的工具,强调教育在维护宗法礼制方面的重要作用。到了汉代,中国儒家礼教思想独尊,一方面,统治者希望通过文化来巩固自己的统治,不断强调文学的社会功利作用;另一方面,又要求文学的世俗化和审美娱乐作用。在如此复杂的社会环境下的乐府诗,不可避免地要在各方面表现出对诗教观的遵循与背叛。

Confucianism in China has a long history and affects all aspects of Chinese society. Literally, it embodies the concept of“poetic education” , which was first put forward by Confucius. Confucius regards literature as a tool to safeguard Zhou rites and emphasizes the important role of education in safeguarding patriarchal clan system. In the Han Dynasty, the Confucian ethics and ethics thought of China was solely respected. On the one hand, the rulers hoped to consolidate their rule through culture, and constantly stressed the social utility role of literature; on the other hand, they required the secularization and aesthetic entertainment role of literature. In such a complex social environment, Yuefu poems inevitably show their adherence to and betrayal of poetic education in all aspects.