道德法则的现实可能性——论康德的道德教育思想

The Realistic Possibility of Moral Principle:On Kant's Thought of Moral Education

康德在形而上学领域建立了一套纯粹的道德体系,但在现实生活中,人们很难完全遵守道德法则。为了推进道德法则在现实生活中的应用,康德倡导通过教育,对人们的道德行为进行培养。道德教育的目标就是使道德主体完成对自身的超越,克服种种他律性原则,从而实现真正的道德自由。康德所构建的道德教育不仅仅是基于家庭或学校实施的教育,而是超越了民族和国家的界限、面向整个人类群体设计的教育。因此,道德教育必然具有公共性的特征。但康德所致力于构建的伦理共同体的基础仍然是个人的道德自律,只有通过个体努力才能实现世界的至善。以此为前提,康德详细论述了塑造个体道德人格的教育方式。

Kant has established a purely moral system in the field of metaphysics, but in real life it is difficult to fully comply with moral principles. In order to promote the application of moral principles in real life, Kant advocated the cultivation of people＇ s moral behavior through education. The goal of moral education is to make moral subjects complete their transcendence and overcome all kinds of heteronomy principles so as to achieve true moral freedom. Kant＇s moral education is not only based on the education of family or school education, but beyond the boundaries of the nation and the state, for the entire human group design education. Therefore, moral education must have the characteristics of publicity. However, the foundation of the ethical community that Kant devotes himself to is still the moral self-diseipline of the individual, and only through individual efforts can he achieve the highest good of the world. On these basis, Kant elaborated on the way of shaping individual moral personality education.