2011-2017年上海市松江区夏季高温天气特点和居民中暑发病的关系

Relationship between characteristics of high temperature in summer and incidence of heat stroke in residents in Songjiang District of Shanghai,2011-2017

【目的】了解上海市松江区高温中暑的发病情况,为高温中暑防控措施的制定提供数据。【方法】通过天气预报网及"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"收集2011—2017年各年份6—9月的气温资料及高温中暑病例信息,并对病例进行流行病学调查,分析日最高气温和日均病例数之间的关系。【结果】高温日累计163 d,主要在7月份(58. 28%)和8月份(38. 04%),高温热浪共127 d,占总高温日的77. 91%。中暑病例共256例,年均发病率为2. 15/10万,以重症中暑为主,占73. 05%。每日10:00～11:00和15:00～17:00为中暑的高发时段;中暑病例中男性占79. 69%,职业分布主要为建筑工人(占33. 59%)、非建筑工人(占26. 17%)和退休老人(占23. 83%)。日最高气温在31℃～40℃时,日均中暑病例数随气温升高呈指数级增加,最高气温每升高1℃,日均中暑病例数增加1. 84倍;日最高气温为35. 0℃～36. 9℃时,相比较于普通高温日,高温热浪天气更易发生中暑,RR=1. 93,95%CI为(1. 05,3. 52)。【结论】松江区高温中暑多发于高温天集中的7月和8月,以男性为主,建筑工人、非建筑工人和退休老人是高危人群,应加强高温热浪期中暑的防控。

[ Objective ] To explore the epidemMogieal features of heat stroke in Songjiang district of Shanghai, and provide scientific data for the prevention and control of heat stroke. [ Methods ] The temperature data and ease reports of heat stroke were downloaded from the weather foreeast internet and China Intbrmation System for Diseases Control and Prevention, and the epidemiologieal investigation were conducted on all the eases to analyze the relationship between the daily maximum temperature and the daily average number of eases. [ Results ] There were 163 high temperature clays totally for one year, which concentrated in July（58.28%） and August（ 38.04%）, and 127 clays（77.91%） were with heat waves. There were 256 eases of heat stroke, with an annual incidence rate of 2.51/10s, of which severe heat stroke accounted for 73.05%. Every clay, 10：00 to 11 ： 00 and 15：00 to 17：00 were the high incidence period.Among the eases, 79.69% were males. Their occupation were mainly buihters （33.59%） , workers （ non-construction） （26. 17%） and retirees（23.83%）. When the daily maximum temperature was between 31-40℃, the daily average number of eases of heat stroke increased exponentially with the rise of temperature, and the number would increase 1.84 times per day when the temperature increased by 1 ℃. When the daily maximum temperature was between 35.0-36.9℃ , with ordinary high temperature days, heat wave weath- er was more likely to cause heat stroke I RR = 1.93, 95%CI= （ 1.05, 3.52） ]. I Conclusion] Heat stroke in Songjiang District occurs mainly in July and August as high temperature days concentrate in these two months. High risk groups for heat stroke are mainly males, builders, workers （non-construction） and elderly retirees, for whom prevention and control of heat stroke should be enhanced in high temperature heat wave days.