美国“瞄准性”学前教育财政投入的经验及启示

The Experience and Enlightenment of “Targeted" Preschool Education Financial Investment in the United States

为实现学前教育起点公平,美国采取了三种与社会运行相一致的"瞄准性"财政投入方式:通过立法保障国家贫困儿童专项项目实施,通过联邦、州、地方政府合力提供持续的项目经费,通过购买学前教育服务提高弱势家庭选择能力。在我国学前教育稳步发展与经济投入受限并存的情况下,可借鉴美国的成功经验:通过立法为"瞄准性"学前教育财政投入提供法律保障,财政投入优先关注贫困家庭弱势儿童,建立学前教育"瞄准性"投入的多中心治理模式。扩大财政投入的受益面,提高财政投入的有效性,从而为学前教育健康、有序、均衡发展创造良好环境。

In order to achieve fairness in preschool education,the United States has adopted three types of"targeted" financial input consistent with the social operation: legislation to ensure the implementation of national special projects for disadvantaged children;joint efforts by the federal,state and local governments to provide sustained project funding; and the purchase of preschool education services to improve disadvantaged families' selectivity. In the context of the steady development of preschool education and the serious shortage of education funds in our country,we can learn from the successful experience of the United States: providing legal protection for the financial input of"targeted" preschool education through legislation,giving priority to the disadvantaged children in poor families,and establishing a polycentric governance model of"targeted" investment in preschool education so as to expand the benefits of financial input and improve the effectiveness of financial input and create a good environment for the healthy,orderly and balanced development of pre-school education.