教育公平下的分层教学认识、困境和出路探析

On the Understanding,Dilemma and Outlet of Stratified Teaching from the Perspective of Education Equity

21世纪以来,随着教育事业的不断发展,教育公平思想与分层教学思想不断交融,"有教无类"与"因材施教"之间的讨论愈发激烈。实际上,分层教学与教育公平并不是对立的关系。分层教学的目的是促进学生的个性化发展,更大程度地促进教育公平。实践中,分层教学的有效实施面临如何分层、实施、管理、考核等多方面难题。为突破实践困境,分层教学可以尝试健全实施机制,科学分层教学;增强社会认识,合理配置资源;加强团队建设,提升管理水平;注重多元考核,实行动态管理等。由于分层教学仍处于探索和发展阶段,学校应结合实际现状,坚持"逐步实行"的原则。

Since the 21 st century,with the continuous development of education,the idea of education equity and stratified teaching has been blended,and the discussion between"Teaching without Discrimination" and"Teaching According to One's Aptitude" has become increasingly intense. As a matter of fact,the stratified teaching is not the opposite of the educational equity. The purpose of the stratified teaching is to promote the individualized development of the students and to promote the education fairness to a greater extent.In practice,the effective implementation of stratified teaching faces many difficulties,such as how to stratify,implement,manage and assess. In order to break through the dilemma of practice,we can try to make deep and detailed research from the following aspects: the establishment and improvement of scientific stratification mechanism; the enhancement of social cognition and rational allocation of resources; the strengthening of team construction and the improvement of management level; focus on multiple assessment and the implementation of dynamic management etc. In addition,due to the fact that stratified teaching is still in the stage of exploration and development,it is recommended that schools should implement the principle of"gradually implementing" according to the actual situation.