中国南亚语言的分布概况

A Survey of the Distribution of South Asian Languages in China

中国语言按谱系分类分属汉藏语系、阿尔泰语系、南亚语系、南岛语系和混合语等六种类型。南亚语系约有120种语言,大多跨境分布,境外主要分布在印度、马来西亚、柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸、老挝、越南等东南亚国家。属于南亚语的中国有12种语言,主要分布在云南和广西。这些语言大多数是新发现的语言,其分布情况和具体的语言结构还鲜为人知。本文在前人研究的基础上,结合自己的实地调查,从全观的角度对中国境内南亚语言的谱系分类、分布情况进行阐述和分析,勾勒出中国南亚语言集"边锤、杂居、跨省、跨境"等特点于一体的"连片"分布格局。这一分布格局对于研究南亚语系民族的迁徙历史、社会文化生活、民族的接触、语言的演变等方面均具有一定的参考意义。

According to genealogical classification, there are Sino-Tibetan family, Altaic family, Austro-Asiatic family, Austronesianfamily, mixed language and so on in China. There are about 120 languages in Austro-Asiatic family. Most of them are cross-borderdistribution. They are mainly located abroad in Southeast Asian countries such as India, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos,and Vietnam. Mainly located in Yunnan province and Guangxi province, there are 12 languages which belong to Austro-Asiatic languagesin china. Most of them are newly discovered languages in that their distributions and specific language structures are rarely known. Onthe basis of previous researches and combining my own field research, the paper elaborates and analyzes the genealogical classificationand situation of Austro-Asiatic languages of inside China from all aspects. It outlines Austro-Asiatic languages’ distribution pattern whichare border-land, living-together, cross-province and cross-border in China. The distribution pattern has certain reference significance ofstudying Austro-Asiatic ethnic groups in terms of migration history, social culture and life, inter-ethnic contact, Language variation andchange, etc.