科研竞争的演变:从业余爱好到过度竞争

Evolution of Competition in Academic Research: From Amateur to Hypercompetition

科研竞争会影响科学家的科研行为。科研竞争包括岗位竞争、发表竞争、资助竞争、过程竞争和回报竞争,各种竞争高度关联。科学家要在科研竞争中胜出,就不得不在学术岗位上站稳脚跟,不停地发表论文,不断地申请资助,获得越来越多的回报,即科研竞争中的滚雪球过程。由于科学家人数增加,科学资助方式发生变化,激励措施鼓励竞争,科研管理追求绩效,科研竞争的激烈程度不断增加,目前已经出现过度竞争的现象。如果任由竞争泛滥,科研过程、科研的有效性和科研诚信将受到影响。当前,科学家的科研压力增加,他们在申请项目时更多地强调外部性技巧,科研项目的文本、内容与风险性偏向已经发生变化,科学事业趋向世俗化。

Competition in science will affect the research behaviors of scientists. This paper describes the contents of the different types of competition in science, especially explains what is scientific hypercompetition, analyzes the causes of hypercompetition, such as increasing scientists,changing grants,competition-encouraging incentives and critical management. While the paper discusses the impacts of hypercompetition on academia,including that it will increase the personal pressures,emphasis the exterior tactics,change scientific programs and commercialize academic research.