清末直隶学校教育转型的特征、成效与因素分析

Analysis of Characteristics,Achievements,and Influencing Factors of Educational Transformation in the Late Qing Dynasty's Zhili Province

清末学校教育转型,属于清末教育改革范畴。作为清末教育转型重要组成部分的直隶教育改革曾一度走在全国前列,取得了令人瞩目的成绩。学术界对清末直隶教育转型的研究多是宏观性描述,微观阐释略显不足。以清末直隶教育转型为出发点,通过历史社会学方法、比较研究法和计量史学法对清末直隶教育转型的特征、取得的显著成效以及影响因素开展研究。结果显示,在转型特征上,这场改革是清末直隶教育领域的一项综合改革,具有近现代教育的诸多特征,在一定程度上促进了河北教育由封建传统教育向近代教育转型;在转型成效上,直隶教育规模与质量位居全国前列,实现了从封建传统教育到近代教育的初步过渡,为民国时期彻底改变封建教育奠定了前期基础;在因素分析上,取得这样的成效,地方政府的积极推动和民众的热心参与是基础,有效的筹资措施是保障。由此观之,清末直隶教育转型具有区域教育改革的代表性,非常值得我们去分析和借鉴。

The transformation of school education belongs to the category of educational reform in the lateQing dynasty. As an important part of the educational transformation,the reform in Zhili province（roughlytoday’s Hebei province）achieved remarkable results. Research on Zhili’s educational transformation ismacroscopically descriptive in general and micro analysis is comparatively insufficient. Using the methodsof historical sociology,comparative study,and quantitative history,this paper makes a study of itscharacteristics,achievements,and influencing factors. The study finds that this reform is comprehensive inthe field of education in the late Qing dynasty Zhili and has many characteristics of the modern andcontemporary education. To a certain extent,it promoted the transformation of feudal traditional educationto modern education in Hebei province;Zhili’s educational scale and quality went ahead in the countryand served as a transition from the traditional feudal education to modern education,which laid afoundation for the complete change of the feudal education during the period of Republic of China;theinfluencing factors of the achievements included the local government’s active promotion,the public’senthusiastic participation,and effective financing measures. From this point of view,Zhili’s educationaltransformation is representative of regional education reform,which,therefore,deserves more exploration.