乡村振兴战略实施背景下的乡村分异问题--基于传统农村的调查与分析

Rural Differentiation in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy Implementation:Based on the Survey and Analysis of Traditional Rural Village

乡村发展中"乡村分异"问题突出。在乡村振兴战略实施背景下,打破乡村分异格局、重塑乡村发展活力对乡村的健康发展具有重要意义。采用问卷调查与深度访谈方法对典型农村J村进行调研,发现传统农业型农村中留守居民的家庭收入及主要工作均已实现"非农化",留守者大多因缺乏外力带动而"留守"",留守"居民对村庄的满意度低",留守"是一种"无奈的选择"。与耕地流转意愿较高不同,宅基地流转意愿较低,宅基地具有超出经济价值的意义。在乡村建设上,精英外流严重制约农村的发展,衍生出集体行动力差、村庄归属感下降等系列问题,加速村庄衰败。尊重农村居民的建设意图及其日常生活实践是扭转"乡村衰落"、实现"乡村振兴"的关键。

The problem of “rural differentiation” is prominent in China’s rural development. Under the background of the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization, it is of great signifcance to break the pattern of rural differentiation and reshape the vitality of rural development for the healthy development of rural areas. A questionnaire survey and an in-depth interview survey of a typical rural J village are used in this study. We fnd that the family income and main jobs of left-behind residents in traditional agricultural rural areas are all “non-agriculturalized”, and the reason of residents staying is lack of external pull forces. Those residents have low satisfaction with the village, and “staying” is a “helpless choice” for them. Unlike the high willingness to transfer arable land, rural residents have a low willingness to transfer the homestead. Elite outfows have severely constrained the development of rural areas, leading to a series of socioeconomic problems. The construction intention of rural residents and their daily life practices are the key to reversing the “decline of rural areas” and realizing the “rural revitalization”.