关于汉阳铁厂废弃贝炉的再探讨

Abandoning Shell Furnace in Hanyang Iron Plant Revisited

在百年来的汉冶萍研究中,历来认为,购炼钢炉是张之洞创办汉阳铁厂的三大错误之一,而废弃贝炉、专用马丁炉炼钢以提高质量是盛宣怀、李维格的重大成就。笔者曾在《苍凉的背影——张之洞与中国钢铁工业》一书中,主要依据张之洞官办时期史料进行辨析并提出异议。文章在研究官督商办时期汉冶萍厂矿铁矿石、焦炭、钢轨生产与销售的基础上,围绕废弃贝炉炼钢这一中心,对四个问题进行阐述和辨析:1)大冶铁矿给汉阳铁厂提供的是低磷优质矿石,符合贝炉炼钢的要求; 2)钢轨磷多,涉及萍乡焦炭含磷和企业经营决策、技术人员使用等多种因素; 3)当初汉阳铁厂同时用贝炉和马丁炉炼钢是合理而实用的配置; 4)废弃贝炉系受多种因素影响,关键是要留下轻磷优质铁矿石供应日本以换取资金。

In the research of Hanyeping Iron and Coal Company in the past 100 years,it has always been be- lieved that the purchase of steel furnace is one of the three major mistakes of Zhang Zhidong to establish Han- yang Iron Plant, while abandoning shell furnace and using Martin furnace exclusively- in steelmaking to im- prove quality is a great achievement of Sheng Xuanhuai and Li Weige. In the book ＂ The Desolate Back： Zhang Zhidong and Chinag Iron and Steel Indush^-＂ , the author argues against the above opinion based on the historical materials of the period during which the company was run by the governor Zhang Zhidong. Based on the study of the production and sales of iron ore,coke and rail in the Hanyeping Iron and Coal Company dur- ing the period of businessman＇operation under the supervision of the govemment,the paper elaborated four is- sues revolving around abandoning shell furnace in steelmaking： 1 ）Daye Iron mine supplies Hanyang Iron Plant with high - quality low - phosphorus ore, which meets the requirements of the shell furnace steelmak- ing;2） The high phosphorus in the rail is caused by various factors such as the phosphorus contained in Pingxiang coke,the decision on the enterprise ＇ s operation, the technicians, etc. ; 3 ） The combined use of shell furnace and Martin furnace in Hanyang Iron Plantg steelmaking is reasonable and practical ;4）Abando- ning shell furnace is caused by- many factors and the key factor is to reserve high - quality low - phosphorus i- ron ore to supply Japan in exchange for funds.