不同深松年限对半干旱区土壤物理性质和玉米籽粒产量的影响

Effects of Different Subsoiling Years on Soil Physical Properties and Grain Yield of Maize in Semi-arid Area

为构建合理耕层,促进半干旱区农业节本增效,在半干旱区开展了隔年深松、隔两年深松、连年深松与不深松做大区对比研究。结果表明:播种前,土壤孔隙度在0～10cm土层,隔两年深松、连年深松可以增加土壤孔隙度。在10～40cm时,隔年深松、隔两年深松、连年深松处理的土壤孔隙度与不深松处理比增加9.35%～16.97%、13.54%～30.82%、6.46%～8.18%。收获后,在0～40cm土层,隔年深松、隔两年深松、连年深松处理土壤孔隙度与不深松处理相比增加9.01%～13.61%、5.29%～20.92%、6.15%～16.42%。播种前,隔年深松、隔两年深松、连年深松处理土壤容重平均比不深松处理低0.012、0.066、0.097g·cm^(-3)。收获后,隔年深松、隔两年深松、连年深松处理土壤容重平均比不深松处理低0.14、0.17、0.15g·cm^(-3)。气相率对比隔两年深松处理>隔年深松处理>连年深松处理的趋势,说明随着深松年限和频率的增加,深松处理对降低固相率、提高气相比效果明显。深松可以提高玉米产量。隔年深松处理、连年深松处理、隔两年深松处理分别比不深松处理提高12.08%、10.50%和6.34%,其中隔年深松增产幅度最大。说明不同年限的深松处理均有增产效果,以隔年深松处理增产效果最好。

In order to a comparative study was carried out in the semi-arid areas.The results showed that：before sowing,the soil porosity was 0-10 cm.Two years of subsoiling and successive years of subsoiling could increase the soil porosity.At 10-20 cm,20-30 cm and 30-40 cm,the one year of subsoiling and two years of subsoiling and consecutive years treatment increased by 9.35%-16.97%,13.54%-30.82% and 6.46%-8.18% respectively.After harvest,the soil porosity of 0-40 cm soil layer was increased by 9.01%-13.61%,5.29%-20.92%, 6.15%- 16.42% compared with that of non-subsoiling treatment.Before planting,the soil bulk density of deep pine, 2 years deep pine and successive deep loosening treatments were lower than those of non deep loosening treatments,0.012 g ·cm -3 ,0.066 g ·cm -3 and 0.097 g ·cm -3 .After harvest,the soil bulk density of deep pine, 2 years deep pine and successive deep loosening treatments were lower than those of non deep loosening treatments 0.14,0.17 and 0.15 g ·cm -3 .The comparison of the gas phase ratio between two years of deep pine treatment 〉 the year of deep pine treatment 〉 in successive years of deep pine treatment shows that with the increase of depth and frequency of deep loosening,the effect of deep pine treatment on reducing the solid state rate and improving the gas comparison is obvious.Deep pine can improve the yield of corn.Deep pine treatment in the next year,deep pine treatment in successive years and two years of deep pine treatment were 12.08%,10.50% and 6.34%,respectively.That deep tillage had stimulation effect of different ages,with the following year subsoiling had the best yield increasing effect.