长期护理保险的政策研究:国际经验和中国探索

Policy Study of Long-term Care Insurance: International Experience and Chinese Exploration

在长期护理保险领域,我国的主要矛盾表现为失能失智人群对长期护理的迫切需要与我国长期护理事业发展不平衡不充分之间的矛盾。本文具体解析了长期护理保险领域的主要矛盾,认为中国迫切需要建立长期护理保险制度。同时,采用内容分析方法,系统梳理了我国已有国家层面和地方层面的长期护理保险政策,包括国家层面政策的数量、类型和内容变化,地方层面政策的参保范围、保障范围、筹资模式和给付标准等。最后,在国外长期护理保险制度经验教训的基础上,提出我国应建立以社会保险为主、商业保险为辅的长期护理保险体系,构建完善的长期护理保险法律法规体系,开源节流,保障长期护理保险基金的充足和可持续,重视长期护工的储备和培养,加强长期护理保险政策与研究间的互动等政策建议。

As to long-term care insurance, the principal contradiction is between the disabled’s need for long-term care and the inequitable and inadequate development of Chinese long-term care system, which will be profoundly analyzed in this paper. Meanwhile, this paper uses content analysis to summarize those existing long-term care insurance policies issued by Chinese central and local administrations. Specifically, this paper will analyze the changes in numbers, types and contents of the central policies, and the regulations on insurance participation, insurance coverage, insurance fee collection and insurance benefit standards of the local policies. In the end, on the basis of thorough study of international experience, this paper attempts to offer some suggestions for Chinese long-term care insurance development： constructing a social insurance based and commercial insurance supplemented system, building a completed system of laws and regulations, paying more attention to the reservation and training of long-term care human resources, strengthening the interaction between policies and researches.