NETs与脓毒症及其凝血功能障碍的研究进展

Progress in Research of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Sepsis and Coagulation Disorders

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)是中性粒细胞受到某种刺激后释放到胞外的一种网状结构。多种中性粒细胞受体(Toll样受体)参与NETs的形成。其通过"beneficial"suicidal NETosis和vital NETosis两种方式释放,受还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶和脱氧核糖核酸酶1等物质调节。NETs中的染色质(组蛋白)、酶类(髓过氧化物酶)产生局部高浓度的"抗微生物颗粒"等,在脓毒症杀菌过程中发挥重要作用。血小板通过P选择素与中性粒细胞P选择素糖蛋白配体1及蛋白酶活化受体相互作用,诱发NETs形成,NETs失控可激活、聚集血小板,同时导致组织、内皮损伤和血栓形成。未来,NETs将为脓毒症的治疗提供新方向。

Neutrophil extracellular traps（NETs） is a kind of network structure that neutrophils are released to the extracellular domain after some stimulation.Multiple neutrophil receptors（Toll-like receptors） are involved in the formation of NETs.NETs are released by ＂beneficial＂ suicidal NETosis and vital NETosis and they are regulated by some substances,such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and deoxyribonuclease 1.Chromatin（histone） and enzymes （myeloperoxidase） in NETs produce locally high concentrations of ＂antimicrobial particles＂, play an important role in sepsis bactericidal process.Platelets interact with neutrophil P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and protease -activated receptors via P-selectin to induce NETs formation.Out-of-control NETs can activate and aggregate platelets,leading to tissue , endothelial damage and thrombosis.In the future,NETs may provide a new direction for the treatment of sepsis.