大学生健康素养水平及其影响因素研究

Survey of Health Literacy Level and Related Influencing Factors in College Students

目的了解在校本科生健康素养情况及其影响因素,为进一步开展本科生健康素养干预提供依据。方法以复旦大学邯郸校区和江湾校区在校本科生为研究对象,采用就近法和配额抽样结合的方法进行抽样,开展问卷调查。应用单因素分析和logistic回归分析大学生健康素养的影响因素。结果761名本科生中,具备健康素养的比例为27.7%,健康理念和基本知识、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能水平具备率分别为39.7%、4.9%、74.4%。多因素分析结果显示:以母亲为初中及以下学历的研究对象为参考,母亲为大专及以上学历的研究对象的健康素养具备率更高(OR=2.550);以艺术文史类专业的研究对象作为参考,生物医学类专业的研究对象的健康素养具备率更高(OR=2.634)。在健康理念和基本知识方面,母亲为大专及以上学历、理工类、经济管理类、生物医学类专业的学生具备率更高,家庭居住地为乡镇的学生具备率更低;在健康生活方式与行为方面,生物医学类专业学生的具备率更高;在健康技能水平方面,理工类和生物医学类专业的学生具备率更高,家庭居住地为乡镇的学生具备率更低(均P<0.05)。结论大学生总体健康素养水平偏低,健康生活方式与行为具备率有很大提升空间。应加强对大学生健康生活方式与行为的干预,提高大学生健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the health literacy of undergraduates and its influencing factors, and to provide evidence for further intervention of undergraduates＇ health literacy. Methods The undergraduates in Handan Campus and Jiangwan Campus of Fudan University were sampled by the method of near-by sampling and quota sampling, and questionnaires were conducted. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of university students’ health literacy. Results Among 761 undergraduates, the total level of health literacy was 27.7%; the levels of health concept and basic knowledge, healthy lifestyle and behavior, and health skills were 39.7%, 4.9%, and 74.4%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the health literacy level of the subjects whose mothers were junior high school or below was higher than that of the subjects whose mothers were junior college or above （OR=2.550）; the level of health literacy of the subjects whose majors were art, literature and history was higher than that of the subjects whose majors were biomedical （OR=2.634）. In terms of health concepts and basic knowledge, students whose mothers were junior college students or above, science and engineering students, economic management students, and biomedical students had the higher level, while those whose families live in towns and villages had the lower level. In terms of healthy lifestyle and behavior, students majoring in biomedicine had the higher level. In terms of health skill level, students majoring in science and engineering, and biomedicine had higher level, while those living in villages and towns had lower level （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion The overall level of health literacy of college students is low, and there is much room for improvement in the possession rate of healthy lifestyle and behavior. The intervention of healthy lifestyle and behavior of college students should been strengthened to improve their health literacy level.