高砷硫铁矿周边农田土壤砷分布及真菌群落结构特征

Farmland Surrounding High Arsenic Pyrite: Distribution of Soil Arsenic and Characteristics of Fungi Community Structure

本研究主要以高砷硫铁矿区周边农田中的真菌群落为研究对象,研究利用Miseq高通量测序技术系统分析矿区周边不同区域土壤中真菌的群落特征,通过本研究以明确矿区土壤真菌群落结构特征及其适应机制。结果表明:(1)砷、铁复合污染土壤可促使土壤真菌丰富度降低,而对土壤真菌多样的影响则表现为先促进后抑制;(2)砷、铁复合污染抑制土壤中Ascomycota(子囊菌门)代谢,促进Basidiomycota(担子菌门)代谢,而对Zygomycota(接合菌门)则表现为低浓度促进,高浓度抑制,对Fusarium(镰刀菌属)、Pseudallescheria(假霉样真菌属)、Cryptococcus(隐球菌属)也呈现"低浓度促进、高浓度抑制"作用;(3)砷、铁的复合物污染使土壤中真菌群落结构产生了明显差异,环境因子对土壤环境真菌群落结构差异影响大小依次为总砷、总铁。因此,在高砷硫铁矿的开采过程中对土壤中的真菌群落结构造成一定的影响,需对矿物及矿渣的堆放进行严格的管理以免对土壤中各种生物的生境造成严重破坏。

We studied the fungi community in the farmland surrounding the high-arsenic pyrite area, analyzedthe community characteristics of fungi in the soils of different regions around the mining area by Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology, in order to clarify the characteristics and adaptation mechanism of the fungicommunity. The results showed that：（1） arsenic and iron combined contaminated soil could decrease therichness of fungi in soil, and the impact of the combined contaminated soil on fungi diversity was first promotedand then inhibited;（2） arsenic and iron combined pollution inhibited the metabolism of Ascomycota in soil andsimulated the metabolism of Basidiomycota, whereas showed a two-phase effects on the Zygomycota,Fusarium, Pseudallescheria and Cryptococcus, namely, at low doses it promoted the metabolism, while at highdoses it had a negative effect;（3） arsenic and iron combined pollution caused significant differences in thefungi community structure in soils, and the effects of environmental factors on fungi community structure alsohad significant differences, the order was total arsenic and total iron. Therefore, during the mining process ofhigh-arsenic pyrite, the fungal community structure in the soil is affected to a certain extent, and it isnecessary to strictly manage the stacking of minerals and slag so as to avoid serious damage to the habitat ofvarious organisms in the soil.