贵州芥蓝种植生产的气候适宜度研究

Climate Suitability of Cabbage Mustard in Guizhou

为了研究芥蓝生长与贵州气候资源相适宜的情况,基于1981—2010年贵州省84个国家级气象观测站逐日气象数据,结合芥蓝的生物特性,根据农业生态气候适宜度理论和模糊数学方法,建立气温、降水以及气候适宜度评价模型,并利用该模型对芥蓝生长的逐侯气候适宜度进行评价。结果表明,贵州芥蓝生长气温较适宜、适宜和最适宜期集中于3月第1侯—11月第5侯,而最适宜气温期集中在4月第4侯—10月第3侯;降水较适宜、适宜和最适宜期是3月第5侯—5月第5侯、7月第3侯—11月第4侯,但降水最适宜时期较短,只有10月第3侯和第6侯。气温为主导因子时,降水对芥蓝的气候适宜性有较为明显的影响作用,贵州各地芥蓝生长的最适宜气候期是春季4—5月和秋季9—10月,并且秋季气候条件优于春季,可满足2~4季芥蓝露地正常生长。

To study the suitable climate resources of cabbage mustard growth in Guizhou, based on the dailyair temperature and precipitation data of 84 national meteorological observation stations in Guizhou from 1981 to 2010, and combining with the biological characteristics of cabbage mustard, we established the temperature,precipitation and climate suitability models according to the theory of agro-ecological climate suitability andfuzzy mathematics method, and evaluated the climate suitability of cabbage mustard growth with gradualpentad by this model. The results showed that： the relatively appropriate, suitable and most suitable period ofgrowth temperature of cabbage mustard in Guizhou focused on the 1 stpentad in March to the 5 thpentad inNovember, and the most suitable period was concentrated in April＇s 4 thpentad to the October＇s 3 rdpentad;while the relatively appropriate, suitable and most suitable period of cabbage mustard precipitation focused onthe 5 thpentad in March to the 5 thpentad in May, the 3 rdpentad in July to the 4 thpentad in November, but themost suitable period of precipitation was relatively short, only in the 3 rdand 6 thpentad in October. When thetemperature is the dominant factor, the precipitation has a significant effect on the climatic suitability ofcabbage mustard. The most suitable climatic period for the growth of cabbage mustard in Guizhou is from Aprilto May in spring and from September to October in autumn, and the climatic condition in autumn is better thanthat in spring, which can meet the normal growth of cabbage mustard in the open field for 2-4 cropping.