气候变化对牧草生长发育的影响研究综述

Impacts of Climate Change on Growth and Development of Pasture: A Review

牧草作为草地生态系统的特殊群落,对气候变化响应十分敏感。因此,牧草生长动态及其与气候变化相互关系一直是草原管理及研究的重要内容。本研究系统归纳了20世纪50年代至2012年的国内外气候变化对牧草生长发育的影响研究进展和成果,提出了当前研究存在的问题:资料密度和序列长度不够;单一气候因子及其多因子协同影响选择方法困难;缺乏系统的集成方法,机理模型较少或半统计半机理模型共存。并探讨了气候变化对草原生态系统研究领域的重点任务,深入研究站点资料转化成面域资料技术及多源资料融合或资料同化技术;集中力量研究多个因子综合影响牧草生产技术方法;建立能完整反映气候要素对牧草生长发育综合影响的机理模拟模型;制定科学的、开放性的、动态的草原管理方案。以期为草原生态平衡和可持续发展提供科学依据。

As a special community of grassland ecosystem, pasture is very sensitive to climate change, thus,the relationship between growth dynamics of pasture and climate change is an important content of grasslandmanagement and researches. We systematically summarized advances and results of climate change on growthand development of pasture from 1950 s to 2012 at home and abroad, and pointed out existing problems： firstly,the density and sequence length of the data were insufficient; secondly, it was difficult to select method toassessing the impact of single factor and multiple climatic factors on pasture; and then, the current researchlacked integrated approaches, there were fewer mechanism models or the adoption of mechanism models withstatistical models. Moreover, we discussed key points in the research of climate change impacts on grasslandecosystem, including transferring data from point to surface, multi-source information fusion and dataassimilation technique; efforts on studying multiple factors affecting pasture production techniques; building a mechanism simulation model of the comprehensive effects of climatic factors on growth and development ofpasture; developing a scientific, open and dynamic grassland management plan, in order to provide a basis forecological balance and sustainable development of grassland.