成为“完整的人”——20世纪初期上海基督教青年会的“模范村”探索

Becoming A "Complete Man" : YMCA Pudong Workers' Model Village and the Practice of "Model Village" in the Early 20th Century

"模范村"是一种出现在20世纪初期的工人阶级集体居住模式。文章以上海基督教青年会(YMCA)浦东劳工模范村——上海20年代开拓性的劳工住房项目为例,探讨青年会对理想"劳工生活"的不同想象与如何塑造"模范村"的实践。"模范村"试图通过对工人阶级住宅与教育的改良,调整和稳固资本主义经济下的劳资关系。研究认为,浦东劳工模范村中健康居住环境与"完全的人格"教育的结合是年轻专才与慈善家对中国急速资本主义城市化下对理想劳工关系的共同探索成果。他们相信只有工人阶级拥有经济与精神上的独立自主,社会发展才能惠及大众,而提供设计完善的居所并结合完整的教育是达致这一目标最有效途径。

The ＂model village＂ emerged in the early 20 th century China as a form of collective dwelling for the working class. This paper explores how contesting imaginations and narratives of the ideal life of workers shaped the practice of ＂model villages＂, through the case of YMCA Pudong Workers＇ Model Village（Pudong Village）-one of the pioneering working class housing projects in the 1920 s Shanghai. The ＂model village＂ was an attempt to adjust and stabilise labour relations under the existing capitalist economy through the improvement of housing and education for the working class. The author argues that the combination of healthy housing and the education of a ＂complete man＂ of the Pudong Village was a concerted effort of young Chinese professionals and philanthropists in response to accelerating capitalist urbanisation in China. A shared belief was that capitalist development could only benefit the majority when the working class was made morally economically competent to stand on their own feet; and this could be effectively achieved by the provision of well-designed dwellings incorporating complete educational programmes in their daily life.