中国单位制度空间范型的探索性分析

Institutional Spatial Prototype of China's Danwei System: An Exploratory Analysis

单位制度是自新中国成立后60多年社会主义建设的重要制度,也是理解中国城市转型的钥匙。不同学科都致力于单位制度的研究,关于单位制度的范型也是众说纷纭,令人莫衷一是。对比世界各地类似"企业办社会"的制度实践,单位制度之范型可以理解为,或者说单位制度深层指向的是,城市公共产品的组织化供给。这种供给方式产生和存在具有一定理论与实践的合理性。单位制度存在单位与外部体系、单位内部的生产生活循环的过程。中国的单位制度实践就是这种组织化供给方式与社会主义建设、公有制、国家全能主义深度结合以及脱钩的过程。单位制度留下的思想值得重新审视,并应探寻在新的社会经济条件下应用的可能性。

Danwei system is a crucial system that witnessed last six decades national construction and development. Due to this importance, Danwei system is the foremost important key for understanding China＇s ongoing market transition. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the institutional prototype of Danwei system among disciplines with respect to Danwei studies. Focusing on the practices that run social obligations and welfare, the institutional spatial prototype of Danwei system can be summarized as the organized provision of urban pubic goods. The theoretical and practical reasonability that supported this practice existed, run and spread in different contexts. Multiple cycles, namely, Danwei system and the outside socioeconomic system, inside production-life cycle, have been conceptually portrayed within each Danwei compound. This institutional practice of Danwei system during the last two-stages period is a process that this organized provision practice integrated and then decoupled with socialist construction, public ownership system and national totalism. In view of the new socioeconomic context, it is necessary to re-consider the legacy of Danwei system and its implications for ongoing society construction.