空间生产视角下英国模范工人村空间形态演变

Form Evolution of British Model Village from the Perspective of Space Production

18世纪末至19世纪,带有社会改良性质的英国模范工人村,是现代意义上最早的有组织、有计划的大规模集中居住形式。从空间生产视角而言,工人模范村是工业化大生产初期工厂主与工人群体之间社会关系的产物,其共享空间的形态经历了从住宅合院中心封闭式到"职一住"过渡区集中式再到居住街区开放式三种模式的演变,反映了工人模范村由工厂主家长式慈善体制向居民家庭利益共享机制的转变。

From the late 18 th to the 19 th century, British model village was the earliest organized and planned massive housing in the modern sense. From the perspective of space production, it was the carrier of the social relationship between factory owner and worker group in the early industrialization. The form evolution of its common space changed from the center of enclosed courtyard, to centralized intermediate zone between living and working, and then to the open space evenly distributed in residential neighborhood, which reflects the transformation of industrial model village from paternalistic philanthropy to household benefit sharing.