Academic Profession:学术史梳理和语义分析

The Academic History Combing and Semantic Analysis on Academic Profession

近半个多世纪以来,西方学术界运用学术概念Academic Profession,主要从国际调查和比较研究、"冲击、危机及变革"等角度,持续开展大学教师研究。基于Academic Profession的多义特征,中国学者提炼出了"学术职业"和"学术专业"两个概念。语义分析表明,"学术职业"是一个全称判断,用于客观指陈不同时空条件下的大学教师及其教职的各个方面;"学术专业"则特指经历了专业化运动、具有较高专业成熟度的大学教师,是大学教师的成熟形态和"理想类型"——拥有深厚的知识基础、具备坚实的伦理基础、享受较高的学术权利。"学术职业"和"学术专业"两个概念分别开拓了中国大学教师本土化研究的不同路径,都有其学术价值,也明证了运用分析哲学方法开展高等教育研究的必要性。

In the research on faculty in universities and colleges,Academic Profession is one of the Western academic categories,which is translated into xueshuzhuanye and xueshuzhiye by Chinese scholars according to its polysemy features.The semantic analysis of these two Chinese translations shows that xueshuzhiye is a category used to indicate the university and college teachers in different time and space conditions,and it includes all aspects of university and college teachers.Therefore it is a universal judgement.Xueshuzhuanye refers to the university and college teachers who have experienced professionalization with strong professional characteristics,so it is the mature form and ideal type,which has a profound knowledge base,a solid ethical foundation and high academic rights.These two Chinese concepts,both of academic value,have opened up different paths for the localization of research on faculty in universities and colleges,and also have proved the importance of applying analytical philosophy of language to the research of higher education.