美国违宪审查权发展初探

The Research on the Expansion of American Judicial Review Power

1803年,美国违宪审查权的创设开启了违宪审查制度的先河,而违宪审查权也通过一系列案件,经历了壮大的过程。这一系列标志性案件是:违宪审查权插手政治问题的1857年斯科特诉桑弗德案;违宪审查权管辖范围从联邦伸入各州的1873年屠宰场案;违宪审查权审查由程序到内容的1890年明尼苏达铁路案;违宪审查权积极行使的1905年洛克纳案。通过采撷违宪审查权具有代表性的五个拐点,可以勾画出违宪审查权的轮廓,揭示违宪审查权的历史走势。

In the year of 1803,the Marbury vs.Madison initiated the institution of judicial review.The power of judicial review developed through serial cases: 1857 Scott v.Sanford(Participating in political,Finally came to failure),1873 slaughter case(the jurisdiction of constitutional review right got from the union into states),1890 Chicago,Milwaukee and St.Paul Railway co.v.Minnesota(from procedure to substance),Lochner v.New York,1905.These five significant cases represented the historical expansion of judicial review power.