推定与法律拟制

Presumption and Legal Fiction

推定与拟制是逻辑学中两种非常近似的方法,也是法学领域两个相互关联的专门术语。推定是一种依据法律规定和经验法则认定事实的方法,它包括立法推定和司法推定;法律拟制是法律对生活的一种虚构,其实质是一种"造法"活动。推定与法律拟制在产生基础、表现形式、基本属性及对举证责任的影响等诸多方面存在差异。探讨推定与拟制方法各自的概念、渊源及特点,并对推定与拟制的区别及其法律适用做具体阐述,对于法学理论研究以及二者在司法实践中的有效运用均有所裨益。

Presumption and fiction are both similar methods and interrelated terms in logics and legal research.Presumption is to identify facts according to laws,regulations and empirical rules,including legislative presumption and judicial presumption.Fiction,as a matter of fact,is a law-making activity framing and modeling real life with legal vehicles and regulations.Presumption and fiction are different from each other in occurrence,foundation,forms,attributes,burden of proof and etc.Therefore,it is helpful and effective in legal researches and judicial practices to discuss definitions,concepts,sources and features,to formulate differences and applications between presumption and fiction in details respectively.