小于胎龄儿的营养管理

Nutrition management of small for gestational age

小于胎龄儿(SGA)是导致围生期患儿发病和死亡的重要原因之一,并与儿童智力水平下降以及成年后发生身材矮小、心血管疾病、代谢综合征等相关。早期积极的营养支持有利于改善神经系统的发育、增强抗感染能力,但出生后早期生长过快又与胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征等相关。如何权衡利弊,为SGA提供合理的营养支持是目前面临的重要挑战。本文就SGA的营养需求、肠内喂养策略、合理生长速度进行综述,旨在提高SGA营养管理质量,改善SGA预后。

Small for gestational age（SGA）is one of the most important causes for the morbidity and mortality of perinatal infants.Early nutrition is an important determinant of growth,morbidity and psychomotor development in SGA.Aggressive nutrition helps improve postnatal growth retardation,decreases morbidity and is positively related to psychomotor development.There is a consistent association between rapid infancy growth and metabolic syndrome in childhood and later life.So,to balance the benefits and disadvantages of rapid early growth is critically challenging.This review summarizes the optimal nutrition management for SGA newborns,in order to provide evidence for facilitating the quality of nutritional management for SGA,thereby improving the prognosis of SGA.