北京市2011-2016年早产儿出生状况分析

Analysis on newborn status of preterm infants in Beijing from 2011 to 2016

目的分析北京市早产儿发生情况及影响因素,为提高早产儿保健管理水平提供决策依据。方法对北京市16个区所有助产机构2011-2016年74 994例早产儿的分娩情况进行回顾性分析。结果 2011-2016年北京市早产总发生率5.49%,男女性别构成比1.27∶1,胎龄<34周14 146例(18.9%),≥34孕周60 848例(81.1%)。多因素分析发现多胎(OR=2.519,95%CI:2.433～2.611),女婴(OR=1.348,95%CI:1.307～1.387),温暖季节(OR=1.055～1.074,95%CI:1.012～1.119)和高危儿(OR=47.619,95%CI:43.478～50.000)是早产儿低出生体重的危险因素。结论北京市早产儿发生率低于发达国家,但有逐年递增趋势,应重视对出生体重影响较大的因素,为降低早产儿的发生率和改善早产儿预后提供依据。

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of premature infants in Beijing,in order to provide evidence for health management of premature. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 74 994 premature infants from all midwifery institution in 16 districts of Beijing from 2011 to 2016. Results The prevalence rate of the premature infants was 5.49%in neonates born in Beijing from 2011 to 2016,and gender composition ratio is 1.27∶1（boys：girls）.Totally 14 146（18.9%）premature infants were born at gestational age under 34 weeks,and 60 848（81.1%）premature infants were born at gestational age more than 34 weeks.Multivariate analysis found that multiple births（OR=2.519,95%CI：2.433～2.611）,female neonates（OR=1.348,95%CI：1.307～1.387）,warm season（OR=1.055～1.074,95%CI：1.012～1.119）and high-risk neonates（OR=47.619,95%CI：43.478～50.000）were risk factors of low birth weight in premature infants. Conclusion The prevalence rate of premature infants in Beijing is lower than that in developed countries,but there is an increasing trend year by year.Factors influencing birth weight should be paid more attention to,so as to provide basis for reducing incidence of premature infants and improving the prognosis of premature infants.