失重/模拟失重对真菌影响的研究进展

Research Progress of Effects of Wightlessness/Simulated Weightlessness on Fungi

随着载人航天器的发射,人体及航天器将不可避免地携带真菌到太空环境中。目前已发现空间站、航天器以及航天员身上存在多种真菌。在失重环境下,人体免疫力会降低,一些致病真菌的生物学性状会发生变化,潜在致病性增强,对航天员的健康构成威胁。本文主要就近年来模拟失重及太空环境条件下几种常见真菌的形态结构、增殖、毒力、耐药性的影响进行综述。研究表明,太空环境和模拟失重环境可使真菌形态结构发生变化,促进大部分真菌增殖,可使部分真菌毒性和耐药性增强,但相关生物学性状及形成机制还有很多不确定性,如毒力和耐药性,有待深入研究。

The launching of spacecraft will inevitably bring fungi into space via humans and spacecraft.Various fungi have been found in the space stations,spacecrafts and astronauts.In the microgravity environment,the human immunity will decline,the biological traits of some pathogenic fungi will change,and the potential pathogenicity will increase,thus the astronauts＇ health will be threatened.In this paper,the effects of simulated wightlessness and the space environment on the morphology,proliferation,virulence and drug resistance of some common fungi were summarized.Recent studies have found that the space environment and the simulated wightlessness could change the morphological structure of fungi,promote the proliferation of most fungi,and enhance the toxicity and drug resistance of some fungi.However,there are still many uncertainties in some biological traits and formation mechanism,such as the virulence and drug resistance,which need to be further studied.