四种常用喷雾器在塑料大棚番茄作物上施药效果比较

Comparison of Four Common Sprayers for Pesticide Application in Plastic Greenhouse Tomato Crop

为筛选温室架势蔬菜适宜植保作业机具,解决温室架式蔬菜植保作业难、农药利用率低的问题,在广泛调研国内外植保机具及施药技术基础上,筛选了较先进及目前常用植保机具4种,进行了温室内番茄冠层内的雾滴沉积分布规律、药液沉积量、农药有效利用率、地面流失以及作业效率的测试,以期提高农药利用率。结果表明:背负式常温烟雾机、热烟雾机、旋转喷枪和背负式喷雾器在叶片正面沉积量的变异系数分别为75.38%、134.98%、62.87%和45.53%,在反面沉积量的变异系数分别为82.85%、303.28%、64.55%和44.70%;药液利用率背负式常温烟雾机>热烟雾机>背负式喷雾器>旋转喷枪;通过评价不同植保机具作业性能,确定适合于温室植保作业的机具及施药方法,从而实现提高农药利用率的目标。

In order to screen suitable plant protection machineries for greenhouse-type vegetables to solve the difficulties of protection operation and low utilization of pesticides,four advanced and common plant protection machineries were chosen based on the extensive research on plant protection equipment and pesticide application techniques,and their law of droplet deposition and distribution,deposition amount of pesticide solution,effective utilization rate of pesticide,ground loss and operation efficiency in tomato canopy in greenhouse were tested.The results indicated the variation coefficients of positive deposition amount of knapsack aerosol sprayer,hot aerosol sprayer,rotary lance and knapsack sprayer on the front of the blade were 75.38%,134.98%,62.87% and 45.53%,respectively,while that of the negative deposition amount were 82.85%,303.28%,64.55% and44.70%,respectively.The ground loss amount increased in the order of knapsack aerosol sprayer,hot aerosol sprayer,knapsack sprayer and rotary lance.Four advanced and common plant protection machineries were chosen based on the extensive research on plant protection equipment and pesticide application techniques,and their law of droplet deposition and distribution,deposition amount of pesticide solution,effective utilization rate of pesticide,ground loss and operation efficiency in tomato canopy in greenhouse were tested.In order to screen suitable plant protection machineries for greenhouse-type vegetables to solve the difficulties of protection operation and low utilization of pesticides.The results indicated the variation coefficients of positive deposition amount of knapsack aerosol sprayer（W1）,hot aerosol sprayer（W2）,rotary lance（W3）and knapsack sprayer（W4）on the front of the blade were 75.38%,134.98%,62.87% and 45.53%,respectively,while those of the negative deposition amount were 82.85%,303.28%,64.55% and 44.70%,respectively.Utilization rate of liquid medicine,W1〉 W2〉 W4 〉W3.By evaluating the performance of different plant protection tools,the suitable tools and application methods for greenhouse plant protection were determined,so as to achieve the goal of increasing the utilization rate of pesticides.