论国际灾害应对法的人权转向

The Turn to Human Right of International Disaster Response Law

在人权主流化趋势的驱动下,以人权为本位的灾害应对逐渐取代了人道主义救灾,国际灾害应对立法实现了从人道到人权的初步转向。国际灾害应对法的人权转向外化为三大特征,分别是国际人权法对灾害问题的重视、国家灾害法中人权理念的凸显以及灾害情形下人权保障国际标准的初步构建。尽管如此,国际灾害应对法的人权转向并不彻底,在人权保障路径和保障内容方面存在一些问题。虽然通过《发生灾害时的人员保护》草案对目前国际灾害应对法的人权转向有所助益,但是要想彻底完成国际灾害应对法的人权转向,必须制定一部以灾害情形下人权保障为主题的国际人权公约。

The human-right based response to disaster replaced the humanitarian relief of disaster driven by the tendency of main- streaming of human rights, and the international disaster law came to the turn of human fight preliminary. Its turn to human right is externalized with the following three characters, such as the attention of natural disaster in the human fight, the emergency of human right idea in the natural disaster response law, and the preliminarily establishment of human fight protection in the natural disaster. However, its turn to human fight isn＇ t thorough with defect of the method and content of human fight protection. Al- though the passing of the draft of protecting of people affected by the natural disaster is beneficial for the tuna, we still need a international human fight convention focus on the natural disaster.