生态文明建设背景下的国土资源环境承载力评价技术

Evaluation Techniques of Environmental Carrying Capacity of Land and Resources in the Context of Ecological Civilization Construction

为平衡生态文明建设中的农业开发、建设开发、生态保护三者之间的矛盾,从国土空间开发角度,分析了生态文明建设对国土资源环境承载力评价的需求,在土地资源、矿产资源、地质环境、生态环境4个方面构建了国土资源环境承载力评价技术方法,以湖南省汨罗市为例进行了实证。分析认为:承载力评价应由社会经济和人口驱动转变为资源环境禀赋和开发利用程度驱动,定义国土资源环境承载力的内涵为一定空间范围内既能够支撑区域经济发展又不破坏其生态环境的可开发规模和强度及支撑保障能力。汨罗市的实证评价结果显示汨罗市国土资源环境承载力盈余的有10个乡镇,承载力均衡的有4个乡镇,承载力超载的有1个乡镇,与实际情况相符。研究结果为精细化、差异化制定相关政策、规划等提供了可能,达到了统筹国土空间合理配置进行生态文明建设的目的。

To balance the contradiction between agricultural development, construction development and ecological protection in the construction of ecological civilization, from the perspective of land development and utilization, the demands for evaluation techniques of environmental carrying capacity of land and resources inthe context of ecological civilization construction were analyzed. The evaluation techniques of environmentalcarrying capacity of land and resources were constructed with the factors including land resources, mineralresources, geological environment and ecological environment. Miluo City of Hunan Province was used as anexample. The results showed that the technical ideas of carrying capacity evaluation should turn from socialeconomy and population to resources and environmental endowment and development. The connotation ofenvironmental carrying capacity of land and resources was defined as a supporting capacity of satisfyingregional economic development without destroying its ecological environment. The evaluation results of MiluoCity showed that there were 10 towns with surplus carrying capacity, 4 towns with balanced carrying capacity,and carrying capacity of one town was overloaded. The evaluation results were consistent with the actualsituation. The results provide references for policy making and planning with elaboration and differentiation,and achieve the goal of rational allocation of land and space in the context of ecological civilization construction.