人文化成:南宋中后期辞赋创作中地方意识的凸显

Cultural Civilization to the Society: The Prominence of Local Consciousness in the Creation of Fu in the Middle and Late Southern Song Dynasty

随着理学在南宋中后期的发展,地方士绅阶层自觉恪守和发扬儒家人文化成天下的使命,崇尚耕读生活,注重地方治理,国家作为强权的象征悄然淡化,取而代之的是家族、地方文化形象的加强。因此,这一时期辞赋多表现家庭生活、地方风俗,在精神内核上,地方意识凸显。这是理学政治理念影响下的社会文化的一大转关。当时的辞赋多描写淳美的地方官风和太平盛世景象下的民情,赞美地方主政者的儒家人格和精神气质,彰显其教化地方取得的和谐和睦的社会氛围。辞赋不仅表现地方上的科考"政绩",还往往用一些矫正补救的手段淡化科考隐含的博取功名富贵的生活态度,如表现当地的孝悌之俗、隐逸之风,等等。这是南宋理学政治下士绅阶层对地方习尚规范和引领的文学表达。

With the development of Neo-Confucianism in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty,the local gentry class consciously stuck to and carried forward the Confucian mission of cultural civilization. They were obsessed with the farming reading life and put emphasis on local governance. Whereas in the meantime,the nation played a weaker part in symbolizing power and the enhancement of local clans cultural images gradually took over its function. Therefore,the Fu in this special period mostly reflected the domestic life and local customs,and the prominence of local consciousness was also noticeable in its spiritual connotations. This was a major conversion of social culture deeply influenced by the Confucian political ideologies. Most of the Fu during that time depicted the simple official working style and the public mood under the Peaceful Golden,or extolled the Confucian ethos of local governors to manifest the harmonious social atmosphere accomplished by local cultural civilization. The Fu not only highlighted the so-called official achievements of the imperial examination,but also weakened the attitude toward a life of fame and richness achieved by the imperial examination in an over-correcting manner,such as depicting their local filial piety,reclusive fashions,etc.