长期用药患者拔牙的风险及防治

Risk of tooth extraction and its prevention in patients with long-term medications

长期使用药物的患者伴有不同严重程度的、不同于其他疾病特有的临床症状和体征,可干扰拔牙操作的正常进行。此外,拔牙过程也可能会加重患者因长期使用药物而出现的严重并发症,且围手术期用药亦可能对患者长期使用药物的药效造成影响。文章针对长期使用抗凝血药物、双膦酸盐类药物、免疫抑制剂的患者以及长期酗酒和吸毒、接受放疗的患者拔牙可能出现的风险及其预防和处理进行阐述,以期为口腔医生在临床工作中能够对此类患者安全、顺利地实施牙拔除术提供参考。

Patients with long-term medications have different degrees of special clinical signs and symptoms,which can disturb the operating procedure of the tooth extraction.The process of tooth extraction can also make the signs and clinical symptoms more severe.The medications used during tooth extraction may have side-effect on the patients with longterm medications. Thus,the aim of this paper is to review the risks of tooth extraction in the patients with long-term use of anticoagulants,bisphosphonates,immunosuppressants,alcohol abuse,drug abuse,and radiotherapy. Meanwhile,how to prevent the potential risks once happening and the treatment are also reviewed in this paper,aiming to provide reference for dentists to perform the extraction safely and smoothly.