中世纪英国大学里的修士与托钵僧及其教育贡献

The Monks and Friars in Medieval England Universities and Their Contribution on Education

12世纪随着英国大学的兴起,修道院作为知识活动的中心地位逐渐丧失,为了学习神学和教会法,修道院和托钵修会纷纷选派代表到大学深造。他们在牛津大学和剑桥大学建立各自的学院,并通过与大学的斗争,取得了不经艺科阶段的学习而直接攻读神学的特权。由于对待学习的理念不同,托钵僧出于传教的需要,更加重视教育,并很快主导了大学讲坛。16世纪30年代,由于修道院的解散,他们被迫离开了大学,但其敢于挑战权威的怀疑精神和强调科学、重视实验的探索精神,必然对英国大学产生长期而深远的影响。

With the rise of universities in England in the 12th century, monasteries gradually lost their key status in the intellectual activities. Monasteries and mendicant orders sent their representatives to universities for further education. They set up their own colleges, obtained the priority of studying theology directly by struggling with universities. Due to the attitude towards study, friars paid more attention to education with the aim of preaching, and dominated the forum of the universities. Because of the dissolution of monasteries in 1530s, monks and friars were obliged to leave the universities. However, friars bravely doubted authority and emphasized science and experiment which exerted long and far-reaching influence on English education.