从私学到书院——吉安地区乡村书院建筑形态衍化解析

FROM PRIVATE SCHOOL TO ACADEMY-ANALYSIS ON MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF RURAL ACADEMY ARCHITECTURES IN JI'AN DISTRICT

吉安地区位于赣中地带,依托赣江水道,经济发达,且自古就有"耕读传家"的观念。因此,该地区民间教育发达,产生了大量的民间书院与私学。乡村书院是民间书院的一种,在民间启蒙教育与文化传播中发挥了重要作用。私学是另一种民间办学的教育机构,与乡村书院性质类似,二者在空间与实体上也存在一定的相似之处。本文通过对吉安地区乡村书院与私学的案例进行梳理、比较与分析,总结出私学的衍化过程,并对私学到乡村书院的建筑形态衍化进行了解析,以期论证二者的渊源。

Ji＇an district is located in the centre of Jiangxi province. Relying on the waterways of Ganjiang River, it has a developed economy. Since ancient times, there was the concept of ＂Learn to be a person and learn to earn a living.＂ As a result, the folk education in such district well develops, producing a large number of folk academies and private schools. The rural academy is a kind of folk academies, which has played an important role in the folk enlightenment education and cultural spread. Private school is another educational institution of folk schooling. Similar to the nature of rural academy, they have also certain similarities in spaces and entities. This paper collects, compares and analyzes the cases of rural academies and private schools in Ji＇an district, to summarize the evaluation of private schools and analyze the morphological evaluation of architectures from private schools to rural academies, for the argumentation of their relationships.