湖南省主推甘蓝型油菜品种种植密度与农艺性状及产量的相关性

Correlation between Planting Density and Agronomic Traits and Yield of Main Popularized Varieties of Brassica napus L. in Hunan Province

选取6个试验基地(长沙、溆浦、醴陵、浏阳、沅江、南县) 2013～2017年的考种数据,进行油菜种植密度与株型性状及产量等因素的综合分析。结果表明:油菜种植密度与株高、有效分枝数、单株角果数和单株产量均呈极显著负相关,与分枝起点高度呈极显著正相关;株高、有效分枝数、单株角果数等农艺性状及产量指标随着种植密度的增加而下降,并在各密度梯度间达到显著差异,分枝起点高度则呈相反趋势,而每角果粒数、千粒重在各密度梯度间差异未达显著水平。结合品种、年份和种植密度在各性状间的分析发现,品种间的农艺性状和产量差异显著,年份间的差异主要表现在有效分枝数、分枝起点高度和单株产量上。适度提高油菜种植密度(至少大于15万株/公顷),有效降低植株高度,减少分枝数,推进机械化种植,能降低生产成本,实现增产增收。

In this study, six field plots （ Changsha, Xupu, Liling, Liuyang, Yuanjiang and Nanxian） were selected to analyze the relationship between planting density, plant architecture traits and yield of rapeseed during 2013 -2017. The results showed that planting density was significantly negatively correlated with planting density and plant height, branch numbers, plant silique numbers, while significantly positively correlated with branch height. Generally, the lower the planting density, the larger the plant height, branch numbers and plant silique numbers, and significant differences were found among density gradient levels, while the branch height showed the opposite trend, and no significant difference were detected among density gradient levels for seed number per pod and 1000 - seed weight. Furthermore, the analysis of vari- ance combining varieties, years and planting density- showed significant difference within varieties in terms of various traits and yield, while significant difference were mainly found in branch numbers, branch height and plant seed weight within years. Therefore, the average planting density- of rapeseed in Hunan could be increased （ at least over 150 000 plants/hm2 ）, to reduce plant height and yield, hence further promoting meehanism growth and reducing the cost to improve both the yield and income for the farmers.